Ndi kukakamizidwa kochulukira kwa chuma ndi chilengedwe m'dziko lathu, madipatimenti aboma apereka zolinga za "kukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika, kumanga anthu opulumutsa zinthu komanso okonda zachilengedwe" komanso "kuwonetsetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 20% ndikuchepetsa 10% kutulutsa kwathunthu kwazinthu zowononga zowononga kwambiri monga momwe zatsimikizidwira mu Gawo Lakhumi ndi Limodzi la Zaka Zisanu". Ku China,kuponyeraimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga makina, ndikuyika koyamba padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zotsatizana. Pali mabizinesi opitilira 27000 oponya, omwe, kupatula mabizinesi akuluakulu ochepa omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wotsogola, zida zabwino kwambiri zopangira, komanso njira zotetezera zachilengedwe, mabizinesi ambiri oponya akadali ndiukadaulo wopangira zakale, zida zopangira zakale, ndi zoteteza zachilengedwe zomwe sizinayikidwe pandandanda wantchito.
Makampani oyambira m'dziko lathu akukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu pakuteteza chilengedwe. Malinga ndi malipoti, 80% mpaka 95% ya Chinakuponyeramafakitale makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito akamaumba pamanja, ndipo zosakwana 5% ya chiwerengero chonse cha ng'anjo kuphulika ali ndi zipangizo zoteteza chilengedwe. Opitilira 80% yamabizinesi opangira zinthu amakhala ndi malo ovuta, malo osagwira ntchito, ukadaulo wopanga m'mbuyo, ndi njira zambiri zopangira. Malinga ndi momwe makampani opanga zinthu amagwirira ntchito, mabizinesi ali ndi magawo awiri kapena ma workshops omwe ali pansi pa malo opangira omwe amapangira, komanso malo opangira akatswiri komanso malo ambiri opangira matawuni. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndi kukula, pali zoyambira zazikulu zokhala ndi makina apamwamba, ukadaulo wapamwamba, komanso kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa matani masauzande ambiri.zoponya, komanso zoyambira zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi zida zosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito pamanja, ukadaulo wakale, komanso kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa matani opitilira zana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphamvu, chilengedwe, ndi mitengo ya ntchito, kupanga ma castings m'mayiko otukuka aku Western mafakitale kwatsika, ndipo pang'onopang'ono atembenukira kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuti agule ma castings wamba, komanso kutumiza kunja kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kuli ndiukadaulo wapamwamba komanso mtengo wowonjezera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Pakadali pano, kuchulukirachulukira kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kumapereka mwayi komanso zovuta pakukula kwamakampani aku China. Kufunika kwa ma castings aku China m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yapakhomo kukuwonetsa kukula kokhazikika.
Zida zoponya,kuponyera mchenga processing akamaumba
Kutengera ukadaulo waposachedwa waukadaulo komanso zovuta zazikulu ku China, nkhaniyi ikuwunika njira zopezera "kuponya kobiriwira komanso kosunga zachilengedwe" kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi:
1.The chitukuko cha mfundo zobiriwira kupanga makampani foundry zikuphatikizapo umisiri zofunika monga mankhwala kamangidwe chiphunzitso ndi njira, zipangizo ntchito luso, njira kupanga ndi zipangizo zamakono, teknoloji kuyezetsa, luso zochita zokha, etc. Izi ndi zikugwirizana, zimadalirana, ndi zofunika zigawo zikuluzikulu za kupulumuka ndi chitukuko makampani foundry Kupanga castings wobiriwira ndi kuponyera njira kuonetsetsa kukhathamiritsa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kukhathamiritsa katundu ndi chilengedwe ". za castings pa moyo wawo wonse pa gwero Poganizira zofunika chikoka zinthu mwachindunji kagwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu, chuma, ndi utsi wa zowononga ndi zinyalala, green kuponyera luso ndi ndondomeko zipangizo luso amatengedwa kuti atembenuke yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi wothandiza zipangizo (zolowetsa) mu castings (zotuluka zothandiza), potero kukwaniritsa zowona "zobiriwira ndi zachilengedwe kuponya ochezeka" kupanga ndi m'malo mwa zipangizo zawo zoyera ndi zachilengedwe zoyera matekinoloje ogwiritsira ntchito; ④ Kutenga ukadaulo wodziwikiratu, wachangu komanso wolondola komanso wowongolera, kukonza njira zopangira, kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa kutaya zinyalala, kukonza zokolola, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chodziwika modzidzimutsa kapena molakwika, ndikukwaniritsa "kuponya kobiriwira komanso kogwirizana ndi chilengedwe"; ⑤ Kutenga njira zogwirira ntchito komanso zogwira mtima zamakina ochizira mapaipi kuti muchepetse kutulutsa kowononga chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa kufotokozera zofunikira zaukadaulo pazinthu zomwe tafotokozazi, ndikofunikiranso kuphatikiza ndi zomwe zikuchitika mdziko la China's foundry industry, kuti mabizinesi azitha kutengera dongosolo labwino kwambiri laulamuliro (lotsika mtengo, lokwera kwambiri) kuti akwaniritse mpweya womaliza womwe umakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
2. Kuyambira kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga luso loponyera, zipangizo zomangira, ndi zida zoponyera
Zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano zachitetezo cha chilengedwe mumakampani aku China zikudetsa nkhawa. Kuyesetsa kungathe kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe m'mafakitale oyambira kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga ukadaulo wakuponya, zida zomangira, ndi zida zoponyera: ① Ukadaulo woponyera ndi zida zomangira: Kuponyera mchenga ndiye njira yayikulu yopangira ukadaulo, kuwerengera 80% mpaka 90% yazopanga zonse. Popanga zinthu zotayira, kuwononga fumbi, kuwononga mpweya, komanso kuipitsidwa kolimba komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zopangira mchenga ndizowopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukwaniritse zobiriwira komanso zoyera pakuponyera mchenga, zomangira zobiriwira zobiriwira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zomangira ziyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere (makamaka popanda zomangira). Izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pothetsa vuto lakubwezeretsanso mchenga wakale ndipo zidzachepetsa kwambiri kupanikizika kwa chilengedwe. Zina mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zoponyera mchenga zomwe zikuchitika pano, kuponya chithovu chotayika ndi njira ya V-njira pogwiritsa ntchito zomatira zopanda mchenga wouma, komanso kuponyedwa kwa mchenga wa galasi lamadzi ndi zomatira, ndizo zomwe zimatheka kukwaniritsa "kuponya kobiriwira komanso koteteza chilengedwe" kupanga njira. Zomatira zopanda thovu zotayira zotayidwa zimadziwika kuti "ukadaulo watsopano wakuponya wazaka za m'ma 21" ndi "ukadaulo wobiriwira pakuponya" zida zoponyera: Pakalipano, mbali zambiri zachitsulo zaku China zimasungunuka ndikupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo zophulika, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitchinjiriza zaukhondo komanso moyo wautali, mpweya wotentha wopitilira muyeso wopitilira kuphulika ng'anjo, chitsulo chosungunulira, kutsanulira zitsulo zamadzimadzi, kutsanulira zitsulo zamadzimadzi, kutsanulira zitsulo zamadzimadzi, kutsanulira zitsulo zamadzimadzi, kutsanulira zitsulo zamadzimadzi, ndi zitsulo zopangira zitsulo. kuchuluka kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni achitsulo ndi m'badwo wa slag; Kutengera njira zomwe bungwe la International Council for Casting Environment Control limapereka pakuyeretsa zisanachitike zinthu za ng'anjo kungachepetse kutuluka kwa fumbi panthawi yosungunula; Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamadzi ozizira granulation slag kumatha kupanga slag kukhala yomanga bwino kwambiri; Gwiritsani ntchito bwino gasi wotuluka mung'anjo yoyaka moto. Kuphatikiza apo, popanga kupanga, zida zopangira zomwe zimapanga fumbi ndi phokoso, monga zoyendera, zowunikira, kuyeretsa, ndi zida zogwetsera mchenga, zitha kusinthidwa kuchokera pamapangidwe azinthu kuti achepetse kapena kuthetsa fumbi.
3. Kupanga matekinoloje atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zowononga mpweya kuti ateteze chilengedwe komanso kukulitsa chitetezo cha zinthu zakhala cholinga chachangu chotsatiridwa ndi ogwira ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi aku China akamanga kapena kusintha ukadaulo, akuyeneranso kugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kwathunthu. Izi zitha kuchitika kuchokera pazigawo izi: ① Popanga mapulani osintha zinthu, choyamba ganizirani kukulitsa ndalama zoteteza chilengedwe, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndalama zoteteza chilengedwe zizikhala zoposera 15% ya ndalama zonse; ② Kutengera zida zapamwamba zoponyera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makina, makina, komanso otsekedwa kuti akwaniritse zolinga zoteteza chilengedwe; ③ Kutenga njira zopangira zinthu zoyera kuti zipititse patsogolo malo ogwira ntchito; ④ Kupanga umisiri watsopano wogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala potengera njira zotayira zinyalala zamabizinesi akunja; ⑤ Tsatirani mfundo zochepetsera, kugwiritsiridwanso ntchito, ndi kubwezerezedwanso muzachuma chozungulira.
Kuponyedwa kobiriwira ndi chilengedwe "ndichiwonetsero cha njira yokhazikika yachitukuko m'makampani opanga zinthu." Kuyambira pakupanga, luso lamakono, mlingo wa khalidwe la mankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zopangira, luso loponyera luso, luso loyendetsa bwino, ndi kutuluka kwa mchenga wa zinyalala, gasi zinyalala, fumbi, zotsalira zinyalala, phokoso, ndi zina zotero. mavuto omwe alipo, ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe ka chitetezo cha chilengedwe cha makampani oponyera ku China ndi kuponyedwa kwaukadaulo, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zachitetezo cha chilengedwe cha maulalo osiyanasiyana opangira kupanga zimakhazikitsidwa monga zolinga za ntchito zomanga zatsopano, kukonzanso, kukulitsa, ndikusintha kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi akuponya aku China. luso mlingo wa makampani Foundry China kukwaniritsa zofuna za chitukuko mofulumira chuma cha dziko.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-10-2025